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Bibliografía - entonación

L2 Spanish and Italian intonation: Accounting for the different patterns displayed by L1 Czech and German learners

Andrea Pešková (2023)

The main aim of this book is to contribute to our understanding of the acquisition of second language intonation, by comparing Czech learners of Spanish with German learners of Spanish and Czech learners of Italian. By means of a large production database, the study seeks to uncover how L1-to-L2 intonational transfer works and what role prosodic (dis)similarities between languages play. Contrary to most previous research, the work presents an original multidirectional cross-linguistic comparison and examines different types of sentence, such as neutral and non-neutral statements, yes/no questions, wh-questions, exclamatives and vocatives. The findings reveal positive and negative transfer from L1 to L2, and the formation of mixed patterns as well as native-like patterns, which are mainly constrained by linguistic factors such as the type of sentence and the position of the tonal event in the utterance. The results are discussed within Mennen’s (2015) L2 Intonation Learning theory and lead to the formulation of a Developmental L2 Intonation Hypothesis that makes several generalizations to characterize interlanguage intonation. This volume not only represents a step forward in the study of the acquisition of L2 intonation in general but also offers valuable findings that can be directly or indirectly applied in the classroom and will hopefully inspire further research.

L2 Spanish intonation for Finnish speakers

José Antonio Jódar-Sánchez (2016)

En Journal of Spanish Language Teaching 3.1

Spanish and Finnish have a similar, syllable-timed, rhythm but very different stress and intonation patterns. Based on the “Frequency Code,” whereby meanings of confidence and aggressiveness are associated with low pitch, and those of submission and smallness with high pitch, we establish a taxonomy of the functions and meanings of intonation with examples in Spanish and Finnish. These functions can be grammatical, attitudinal, pragmatic, and sociolinguistic. To teach intonation to Finnish L2 Spanish students of an advanced level, we raise their awareness through the comparison of the intonational patterns of the two languages and through inductive reasoning. Our proposal fosters a multimodal approach based on the imitation of native speech, on the visual representation of prosody through software like Praat, and on the use of gestures, all integrated into discourse-oriented activities. Due to its schematic and flexible nature, our proposal can be adapted by teachers to the necessities of their L2 Spanish students.

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El castellano y el finés poseen un ritmo similar, de tipo silábico, mientras que su acento y entonación son distintos. A partir del “Frequency Code”, que establece que los significados de confianza y agresividad se asocian con un tono bajo y los de sumisión e insignificancia con uno alto, postulamos una clasificación de las funciones y significados de la entonación con ejemplos en castellano y finés. Las funciones pueden ser gramaticales, actitudinales, pragmáticas y sociolingüísticas. Para enseñar entonación a estudiantes finlandeses de ELE, se les puede hacer conscientes de lo que aprenden a partir de la comparación de los patrones entonativos de las dos lenguas y a través de un razonamiento inductivo. Nuestra propuesta promueve un acercamiento multimodal basado en la imitación del acento nativo, en la representación visual de la prosodia en software como Praat, y en el uso de gestos, todo ello integrado en actividades dirigidas a emular el discurso real. Por su naturaleza flexible y esquemática, los profesores pueden adaptar nuestra propuesta en función de las necesidades de sus estudiantes de español como L2.

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